Music and Memory in D. H. Lawrence’s Piano Essay -- Literature

D. H. Lawrence’s poetry is said to often be of â€Å"great biographical interest† (Encyclopedia Britannica), and his poem â€Å"Piano,† written in 1918, eight years after the death of his mother, illustrates his attachment to his mother through the device of an unwilling memory evoked when he hears a woman singing. Though Lawrence’s relationship with his mother is said to have been â€Å"an intensely—often labeled abnormally—close relationship† (Pearson and Watson), it is also said that it was she who encouraged him to obtain an education and to write. His mother was a teacher, and according to Norton, it is her â€Å"delicacy and refinement† that he â€Å"allied† himself with rather than his less educated, coarse coal miner father (2248). It is she whom he sided with in the conflict-ridden relationship he witnessed between his parents. According to Wart, â€Å"Piano† expresses Lawrence’s personal response when a â€Å"song stirs memories of childhood and his mother,† involuntary as these memories may be. However, though it may be true that we should never assume that the speaker of a poem is, indeed, the poet, according to Semansky, â€Å"Lawrence's work invites us to, as he has always woven autobiographical material into his writing.† Lawrence’s â€Å"Piano† may thus be considered to be the recounting of unwanted and involuntary emotional memory brought about as a response to music. â€Å"Piano† begins by describing a setting conducive to reflection and remembrance, â€Å"Softly, in the dusk, a woman is singing to me† (Line 1). Intimacy is implied in the setting: â€Å"the dusk,† the singing being â€Å"soft† and seemingly personally directed to one individual all lend themselves to an aura of intimacy. This encounter draws Lawrence back through the â€Å"vista of years† (Line 2). In fact,... ..., 1900 to Present. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2009. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54&SID=5&iPin= CBPNP235&SingleRecord=True (accessed April 4, 2012). Rexroth, Kenneth. "Introduction." D.H. Lawrence: Selected Poems. New Directions, 1947. 1-23. Rpt. in Literature Resource Center. Detroit: Gale, 2012. Literature Resource Center. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. Saunders, Clifford. "Critical Essay on 'Piano'." Poetry for Students. Vol. 6. Detroit: Gale Group, 1999. Literature Resource Center. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. Semansky, Chris. "Critical Essay on 'Piano'." Poetry for Students. Vol. 6. Detroit: Gale Group, 1999. Literature Resource Center. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. Wart, Alice Van. "Critical Essay on 'Piano'." Poetry for Students. Vol. 6. Detroit: Gale Group, 1999. Literature Resource Center. Web. 2 Apr. 2012.

Environmental scanning Essay

â€Å"How can you govern a country which has 245 varieties of cheese? † Charles de Gaulle. This is a term that Francis Aguilar a professor at the University of Harvard came up with in the mid 1960’s to explain the actions of collecting information and watching and monitoring competitor companies and analyzing the external markets. According to Mafrica and Mason (2004), an environmental scan is part of strategic analysis process that has components of both external and internal elements. It is also good to note that all these components and elements interrelate. Basically organizations and companies use environmental scans to project on the future directions, objectives, and both long term and short term trends that will influence the organizations performance. Environmental scans are usually used in product development, market research and competition analysis as a company is planning, expanding or thinking of diversifying its operations portfolio. The below diagram shows the interrelation of the environmental scan to the SWOT analysis of an organization. b. What elements comprise an environmental scan? The elements of an environmental scan include both internal analysis and external analysis which culminate in a SWOT analysis of the organization. Both internal and external analysis are interrelated. In most of the situations organizations take environmental scans to only involve the external analysis (Albright, 2004). But for it to be comprehensive and conclusive enough it has to involve both internal and external analysis. Internal analysis includes an analysis of the internal structures of the company, its policies and operations, employees and abilities while External analysis includes concepts such as the macro economic environment of the area in which the company operates. This includes the government, legislation policies, technology, socio-cultural trends, and shareholders. c. What are eight (8) current socio – cultural trends in the United States that are transforming North America and the rest of the world today? The eight socio-cultural trends in the United states that are transforming North America and the rest of the world today include the following:- Religious affiliations and militant religious movements Consumerism, Environmentalism, Diet and nutrition Housing Social movements, roles of government, family, and collectivism. Materialism Demographics like population size, ethnic origins, education levels, income levels. d. What four (4) questions should the scan answer? The scan should be able to answer trends or projection towards changes in consumerism, which will help an organization in diversifying its products and get to know spending habits of the target market and population (Wheelen & Hunger, 2008). Environmentalism which will help the organization to formulate its public relations policy more so as regards corporate social responsibility, social movements and roles of government, family and collectivism which influences public opinion and public habits, and Demographics that help establish incomes and disposable incomes of the populations, projected population growth, education levels and backgrounds of the target area of expansion or of operation that will help an organization to redefine its operations and strategies. Bibliography Albright. K. (2004, May/June). Environmental scanning: Radar for success. Information Management Journal, 3(38), 38-44. Mafrica. L. & Mason. M. (2003, January). From scan to plan. Association Management, article 14 of 270. Wheelen. T. L. & Hunger. J. D. (2008). Strategic management and business policy (11th Ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Factors Affecting Patients With Chronic Idiopathic Neck Pain

1. Title: â€Å"Does the number of visits of mobilizations influence the MCID* on pain improvement in patients with chronic idiopathic neck pain- A cross-sectional study?† *MCID= Minimum clinically important difference 2. The specific aim of this cross-sectional study is to reduce cost and improve pain outcome in patients with chronic idiopathic neck pain (CINP). To do this, the study will examine whether the number of visits of mobilization (hypothesis) affect the MCID on pain reduction for patients to begin exercising. In addition, the study will also identify which patients are likely to respond or not to mobilization based on their conditioned pain modulation (CPM) profile? (research questions). These findings could potentially cut costs†¦show more content†¦- Providing 1 session of joint mobilization has been shown to immediately improve the impaired CPM in those with knee osteoarthritis (Courtney et al., 2016) compared to placebo. - Some patients with chronic pain related to knee osteoarthritis have impaired CPM while others do not (Courtney et al 2016) - However, because Courtney et al did not apply joint mobilization to those whose CPM is not impaired, it is unclear if joint mobilization is or is not effective in changing pain in those with normal functioning CPM - More importantly, it is not clear whether the positive results Courtney et al 2016 achieved in chronic pain related to knee osteoarthritis carries over to patients with CINP. 4. Scope of the problem - The high cost of CINP may be related to the fact that these patients typically seek on average 5 providers over 21 visits every year and receive largely ineffective treatments (Carlesso et al., 2014). - Heat, NSAID, exercise, cold and spinal manipulation/mobilization are the most common treatments received (Goode et al., 2010). - Only exercise and spinal manipulation/mobilization, however, have good evidence for effectiveness based on multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses. - In fact, current practice guidelines suggest combining exercise and spinal mobilization for better pain and functional outcomes than mobilization or exercise alone. - To prevent long term disabilityShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Neuropathic Pain3655 Words   |  15 PagesPain is a complex, unpleasant, and disruptive sensation. The day-to-day pain people experience from a paper cut or a flu shot results from the activation of nociceptive receptors at the site of tissue injury, which is known as nociceptive pain. Some individuals also have experience with a different type of pain, one that is chronic, intractable, disabling, and it arises â€Å"as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system† (Treede, 2008). This form of pain is neuropathicRead MoreCase Study 15: Endocarditis Essay5879 Words   |  24 Pagesstenosis, moderate aortic insuffi - ciency, chronic valvular vegetations, and moderate left atrial enlargement. Two years ago J.F. received an 18-month course of parenteral nutrition (PN) for malnutrition caused by idiopathic, relentless nausea and vomiting (N/V). She has also had coronary artery disease (CAD) for several years, and 2 years ago suffered an acute anterior wall myocardial infarction (MI). In addition, she has a history of chronic joint pain. Now, after being home for only a week,Read MoreHeart Failure : A Clinical Syndrome Characterized By Structural Or Functional Impairment Of Ventricular8006 Words   |  33 Pagessymptoms - Hypertension and lipid disorders to be controlled - Obesity, diabetes mellitus, tobacco use, and known cardiotoxic agents, should be controlled or avoided o Stage B - Structural heart disease without signs and symptoms of heart failure - In patients with a history of myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction - Preventive medications o Stage C - Structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of heart failure - Nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions o StageD -Read MoreNU 545 Unit 2 Essay10921 Words   |  44 Pageswillis) compensates for reduced blood flow from any ! ! ! ! one of the major contributors. 6. What is the gate control theory of pain? - (Pg. 485 ) This theory provides the first cohesive explanation for the emerging complexities of pain phenomena like chronic pain. The gate control theory proposed by Melzack and Wall in 1965, states pain transmission is modulated by a balance of impulses transmitted to the spinal cord by large A delta and small C fibers. The theory goes on toRead MoreSocm Study Guide Essay30404 Words   |  122 Pagescompletion. * Negative feedback opposes stimuli, positive feedback reinforces stimuli Use anatomical terms to describe body sections, body regions, and relative positions. Body regions- - Cephalon (head) - axillia (armpit) - Cervicis (neck) - Brachium (arm) - Thoracis (chest) - Ante Brachium (forearm) - Abdomen - Manus (hand) - Pelvis - Thigh - Loin (lower back) - leg (anterior) - Buttock - Calf - Pubis (anterior pelvis) - Pes (foot) - Groin Read MoreAdrenal Gland9709 Words   |  39 PagesSteroid-producing adrenal tumours and hyperplasias of the zona fasciculata result in excess cortisol production and are the cause for adrenal Cushing s syndrome. The genetic disorder McCune-Albright syndrome can also present Cushing s syndrome in affected patients. | Zona reticularisThe zona reticularis is the innermost layer of the adrenal cortex, lying deep to the zona fasciculata and superficial to the adrenal medulla. The cells are arranged cords that project in different directions giving a net-likeRead MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 Pagessummary Products, competition and intellectual property Regulation Manufacturing and supply World market GSK sales performance Segment reviews Responsible business Financial review 2010 Financial position and resources Financial review 2009 Risk factors Governance and remuneration Our Board Our Corporate Executive Team Governance and policy Dialogue with shareholders Internal control framework Committee reports Remuneration policy Director terms and conditions Director and Senior Management remuneration

Interview Analysis - 1505 Words

Geoff is a little bit different than the other two that I interviewed. While both of the previous people worked for international corporations that had executives and a board of directors, Geoff works for a pizza franchise. While it does have half a dozen stores throughout South Florida, it is simply not at the same scale as these previous companies. However, it is interesting to note that he complains of similar issues as the other two. Namely – lack of planning. Geoff does not have higher than a high school education. In fact, he dropped out of high school at 16 and ended up getting his G.E.D at the age of 19. After getting his GED, he started working at various restaurants as a waiter, delivery driver, and eventually he got into†¦show more content†¦When I asked Geoff about what kind of difficulties he faces at work he said that he has a problem finding good people. Because he cannot afford to pay very much, good employees often leave for better jobs whenever they find them. He doesn’t hold the employees personally responsible but it is difficult to keep training new people constantly. Also, it’s difficult to keep people happy because the hours are inconsistent. Sometimes there is a lot of movement at the restaurant so he needs at least 8 people working at once. Sometimes it is slow and he doesn’t need more than 4. It doesn’t make sense to pay 8 people when you have can make due with 4, but the employees complain about not getting consistent hours. Another complaint that Geoff had was that he had to do a lot of different jobs around the restaurant. When it is busy for example, if there needs to be an extra person bussing, he has to take care of that. If there needs to be another person making pizzas, he does it. He called himself the â€Å"support role of the operation.† I found this interesting because the other two people I interviewed had no issue with this because they had specific people for each job. F or example, Daniel Almeida had somebody to do the social media marketing for him. He glanced over reports occasionally, but he didn’t do the dirty work. Geoff, on the other hand, had to get down and dirty withShow MoreRelatedInterview, Process Analysis, And Analysis1526 Words   |  7 PagesI have conducted an interview with a client and in my paper I will explain my experience and how I used the skills we have gone over in class. In the paper I will have a description of my client, my assessment, a summary of the interview, process analysis, and analysis of professional use of self. Not only will I assess the interviewer but myself as well. I will include all the interviewing skills I used and the ones I didn’t. 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This is used to be something very industry-specific so maybe there are not so many businesses out there. Marion: There’s not very many. There are quiteRead MoreA Thematic Analysis Of An Interview Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesResults A thematic analysis of an interview was used to help students develop an understanding of the role of an RC. This role is dynamic and challenging; it offers great opportunities to grow and work in an academic team based environment that fosters constant learning. Often RCs play a significant role in the process of bringing a project from conception to completion which requires a variety of qualifications and leadership qualities. An inductive approach to this process, beginning with dataRead MoreAnalysis Of The Interview Process705 Words   |  3 Pagesunder law and that any security/fingerprint records were properly completed and did not contain any derogatory information that would result in postponing the interview and/or require my completing a detailed report/analysis outlining the issue of concern or suspected fraud and referral for a resolution or further investigation. Interview individuals in a one a one setting or if applicable with the aid of an interpreter to review application/petition for accuracy addressing any events which mayRead MoreInterview Analysis : Today I Interview881 Words   |  4 PagesToday I interview Josiah. Josiah is an 8 year old African American boy in the third grade at King Elementary School. Josiah who also goes by the nickname Jojo is tall for his age; he stands about 4ft 5in and weighs close to 70 pounds. Josiah is a very happy young man throughout our interview he smiles and laughs frequently. His energy level is also very high during our interview I had to redirect his attention and allow him to take breaks to stretch. Josiah was very outgoing and open to talk withRead MoreInterview Skill Analysis904 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Challenge of Love† Some of the biggest challenges in relationships are rooted between the push and pull of give and take. People tend to enter into relationships to gain something: they re trying to find someone who s going to make them feel good. In reality, the only way love is true is if the relationship comes from a place of giving. For some love is primarily taking, for some love is primarily giving and for some it is more evenly a matter of give take. A person driven byRead MoreFamily Interview Analysis1218 Words   |  5 PagesThe couple that I interview was a Mexican married couple name Maria and Juan. Maria is 78 years old and a retired nurse, and Juan is 80 years old and a retired Veteran. Maria completed her Bachelor Degree in Nursing at Indiana University Bloomington graduating at 23 years old, and Juan stated that he join the army after completing high school. Maria stated that she didn’t have a lot of racial/discrimination experience, however, Juan stated that he experience some discrimination in the service

Marketing sustainability - 1333 Words

The relevance of sustainability in marketing decision making What is marketing? What exactly is marketing? Is it just convincing people to buy products through various media? Billboards, TV commercials, junk mail and magazines filled with advertisements? From the consumer’s perspective, that is how it seems (Kotler et al. 2010, p. 5). But from a business’s standpoint, marketing is viewed very differently. Marketing is viewed as being based on an exchange relationship between a business and its customers, where a business offers something of value, and customers purchase this product, which provides the business with the means to continue producing this item of value (Moscardo et al. 2010, p. 277). Where does sustainability fit into†¦show more content†¦Products labelled as â€Å"organic†, â€Å"biodegradable†, â€Å"made from recycled material† or other similar green claims are generally priced higher than conventional products (Kotler et al, 2010 pg 405). Low income earners, students, pensioners and the unemployed may not be able to afford a premium on sustainable products and will buy the cheapest alternative conventional product. Also, not all products on the market may have an available green alternative and therefore the consumer has no choice but to purchase a non-green product (Moscardo et al. 2010, p. 284). Greenwashing In the text, the issue of greenwashing was addressed and its impact on consumer purchase decisions and on the sustainability market. Greenswashing can be described as â€Å"the practice of overemphasising a company s environmental credentials, often by misinforming the public or understating potentially harmful activities† (Doyle 2011). The practice of greenwashing has led to consumers being more sceptical of products marketed as ‘green’ or ‘environmentally friendly’. This scepticism may result in consumers avoiding sustainable products for fear that the ‘green’ labelling may indicate an inferior product using promises of sustainable resources and production to increase its prices (Rettie Burchell Riley 2012, p. 422). One Study in Norway showed that labelling of products was considered the most indicative way to ensure the sustainability of theShow MoreRelatedSustainability in Marketing1764 Words   |  8 PagesRole of Sustainability in Marketing Public Relations at the retail level products that were environmentally safe, sustainable commitment to the process of promoting the practice is known as a permanent market. Alternatively, in other words it is a better business, better relationships, and most importantly it is a practice of making a better life. For example, Apple, as well as for the betterment of the world in all its goods uses recyclable products. Plays an important role in the marketingRead MoreGreen Marketing And Sustainability Strategies10066 Words   |  41 PagesIn today’s world in which consumer purchasing is continually growing, sustainability matters more than ever. At the same time sustainability marketing remains a phenomenon for consumers and brands alike. Consumers have gained awareness and visibility on sustainability topics and issues such as global warming, pollution, water, the rainforest and depletion of the earth’s natural resources. Brands too are also aware of their perpetually growing impact on the environment driven by needing to meet theRead MoreQuestions On Sustainability And Marketing Logistics1784 Words   |  8 Pages1 Sustainability and Marketing Logistics [Writer’s Name] [Institute’s Name] Sustainability and Marketing Logistics Introduction The term â€Å"sustainable development† is defined by the Bruntland Report as â€Å"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs†. Sustainable marketing is the process by which an organisation meets the needs and / or desires of an objective group by developingRead MoreMarketing And Sustainability From The Perspective Of Future Decision Makers Essay2085 Words   |  9 PagesMarketing cannot be defined by a single aspect. 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Phaedo Summary Essay Example For Students

Phaedo Summary Essay George Waszczuk9/25/2000Wed: 6:30-9:30pmPhaedo SummarySocrates stands now before his disciples telling them he is not afraid of dying because he says death is what the true philosopher waits for all his life. The philosopher must have lived a good life, and when death is presented upon him, he should take the opportunity. Socrates formed a conclusion that: That the real philosopher has reason to be of good cheer when he is about to die, and after death he may hope to obtain the greatest good of the world. Socrates is saying that when death is presented upon him, he should have no reason but to be happy, and when that death comes; he will have achieved the best gift in the world. Socrates states evidence of why he is not afraid of dying through multiple mini-conclusions. Socrates says to Simmias, Why when his time comes should he repine at which he has always been pursuing and desiring? Socrates is saying why should philosophers grieve at death when that should be the goal of their whole lives. He believes only philosophers can understand because he believes philosophers will be truly alive after death, and normal men will just die. Normal men do not know that true philosophers have always been pursuing death and dying, and the desire of death has been with them all their lives. Through out his whole testimony, Socrates states questions to his disciples already knowing the answers, but he wants to hear Simmias agree to all of them. Do we believe that there is such a thing as death, states by Socrates. When Simmias agrees this he brings out all his support. Socrates believes Death is the separation of the body and soul. The soul is the biggest part of the death. The soul goes on living and doesnt have to deal with any of the bad commodities of the body attached. You are only dead when this separation has been completed. Therefore death is when the body exists in herself, and is released from the soul. Through out the life of a philosopher or any other person there are fruits of life. There are many unnecessary pleasures and treasure in which we could live without. Instead of caring about them, shouldnt he rather despise anything more than nature needs.? Socrates is saying that to go as the true philosopher, you have to live life with only the bare essentials needed and pass the opportunities for the unnecessary pleasures and treasures like costly clothing, sandals etc and other adornments. The philosopher who is indifferent about bodily pleasures is as good as dead. Socrates is saying that if a philosopher goes through life passing up pleasures not needed, he will definitely get his chance at death. The philosopher is only concerned with the soul and not the body, and as soon as possible would like get rid of his body and turn to his soul. And all other men wonder and opinionate about him not enjoying lifes pleasuresThe body only gets in the way of things because the senses of the body only hinder the ways of acquiring knowledge. The body if invited to share the inquiry, the senses hinder the body. Sight and hearing are the best of the senses and yet they are inaccurate as it is. So acquiring knowledge through these senses only hinders a philosopher. Socrates concludes that the body is a hinderer when invited to share in the inquiry of knowledge. To acquire this knowledge purely, thought is best when the mind is gathered into herself and none of these things trouble her. Socrates is saying the philosopher should be one with his soul and not let any outside forces bother him when the mind is in thought. When neither sights, sounds, pains, pleasures effect the leaving of the body, and the philosopher is after his true being with his soul will the mind be in its best state. .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92 , .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92 .postImageUrl , .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92 , .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92:hover , .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92:visited , .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92:active { border:0!important; } .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92:active , .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92 .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubc2e8e0ddf666f8444f5a13b078b8d92:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Catholic Church and birth control EssaySocrates wants to die. He has been waiting all his life, and now it is his time to go. He states to his disciples that life is all about waiting to die. The soul is the only important thing about the body only because the body holds it for a while and when death has become, the soul will separate and the philosopher will live the real life he has been waiting for. All the body does is get in the way. The body has to deal with pains and pleasures, diseases, weather etc. When the separation is complete, the philosopher will then become a true philosopher and will be able to acquire knowledge without any obstacles that the body would have to go through. Words/ Pages : 775 / 24

Organizational Behaviour Work in the Call Centres

Summary Competition in the service industry led to the development of the call centre strategy to promote sales for companies. Product companies also assumed the use of call centres as a tool to market their products and keep close contact with potential customers. The results of this strategy include the development of refined call centre staff members and an increase in the competitiveness of the companies that have call centres.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Organizational Behaviour: Work in the Call Centres specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It follows that management functions inside these companies assume resource management practices that are not only oppressive to the workers, but also quite ineffective in motivating the employees. Management functions use electronic surveillance as a motivational tool to compel workers to increase their performance. While the idea behind electronic surveillance is plau sible, the psychological effects that follow this method of employee monitoring are adverse. Electronic surveillance causes the development of emotional labour in employees. The emotional labour attached to working in the call centres should be considered by management functions in the concerned companies. Useful quotes Taylor and Bain say that â€Å"†¦electronic surveillance has rendered workers powerless† (Taylor Bain, 1999, p. 102). This quote echoes the sentiments of many workers in call centres, who undergo high pressure from the electronic devices monitoring their daily performance. The awareness that the management is constantly listening and watching over the employees makes it difficult for the employees to express themselves and it erodes of the development inter-employee relationships. Researchers have refrained from investigating the effects of electronic surveillance in the past, but the study in question has revealed that employees in call centres require less intrusive surveillance tools to maintain their motivation to achieve their highest competence levels. â€Å"†¦electronic surveillance creates total managerial control† (Taylor Bain, 1999, p. 102). Managers in different companies use customer satisfaction as a tool to measure the performance of employees in call centres. This kind of pressure leads to the development of emotional labour for the employees, and it may have negative effects to their performance. In some cases, the pressure may lead to resistance from the employees (Taylor Bain, 1999, p. 111).Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Characteristics of Taylorist system of organization Taylorism is a management system that allows companies to maximise profits through ultimate exploitation of resources. The system looks into ensuring that employees handle specific tasks in the workflow; thus, limiting t he need for training and development to acquire new skills. The taylorist system is characterised by stagnation among employees in one working area because the management seldom allows employees to change their working stations. In most cases, the employer designs the workplace strategically to ensure employees have limited need to move around as they work. As revealed in the case study in question, the call centres are good examples of the taylorist system in practice. The management functions in the call centres develop working areas where employees are isolated from each other to reduce time wastage through inter-employee communication during working hours. The taylorist system breaks down tasks into the simplest form to ensure that employees handle simple tasks (Babbit 2013). For instance, the telephone operators in call centres have specific tasks, which include receiving and making calls, and retrieving information from computers. Other employees are delegated with the task of recording and organising customer information. Simplicity in the workflow is a defining characteristic of the taylorist system. The system is also characterised by strict monitoring of employees and other resources in companies. The management employs strict surveillance tools like CCTVs and microphones to monitor the behaviour of the human assets. The main aim of the strict rules is to ensure the human resources always offer their highest competence levels. The taylorist system focuses on increasing the outputs from business processes with minimal consideration of employee satisfaction at work. Strengths of the system The taylorist system results to higher outputs for a company. The essence of doing business is to increase profits; hence, the system is one of the most viable management models. It influences the effective management of both the material and human resources in a company. The system also eliminates the need for human resource management functions to develop training and development programs for employees because their tasks are clearly communicated and quite simply defined. Promotion opportunities are limited in the system; hence, most employees attain high levels of skills in handling their tasks (Scientific Management 2014).Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Organizational Behaviour: Work in the Call Centres specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The system gives the management the power to control employees, although it may lead to high rates of turnover among the human resources. The system also simplifies work, meaning that in case an employee quits his job it would be easy to replace him or her with a new employee because they only need training in specific areas. The system develops a competent workforce with high levels of performance because they are forced to portray their best skills. Consequences of the system for workers The taylorist system leads to the development of pressure on the employees. The Taylorist system uses the concept of worker soldiering, which involves monitoring employees’ time and performance. This method of surveillance exerts psychological pressure on human assets (Backer 1998). The employees are forced to deliver higher outputs, and the strict surveillance methods used may lead to emotional labour. For instance, in the call centres, electronic surveillance causes emotional labour for the employees because not only do they have to hide their feelings from the customers on the telephone, but they also have to hide their feelings from the employers (Taylor Bain, 1999, p. 107). The management demands that they should always be busy on the phone; hence, they have no time to engage in any social activities or rest while at work. The isolation designs in the system also lead to the development of task forces with limited interpersonal relationships. This lack of inter-employee relationships could lead to low cohesion betw een the employees when handling projects in teams. The taylorist system looks to motivate employees to work hard in their stations, but it may result to the erosion of motivation among the employees. When the management function becomes too harsh in handling the employees, they may resist the rules individually or in groups. The system also leads to many divisions of work to increase effectiveness in managing different tasks. Employees may get frustrated with the system because it does not open opportunities for promotions and personal career development. The management treats the employees as machines rather than human assets; thus, it may lead to high turnover rates. The taylorist system should be applied with caution in companies because it can lead to the opposite of its expected results. Employee motivation and monitoring should be integrated carefully for the realization of positive effects in their performance.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More List of References Babbit, T. 2013, Revisiting Taylorism at the Watertown Arsenal. Web. Backer, P. R. 1998, Scientific Management. Web. Scientific Management (Taylorism) 2014. Web. Taylor, P. Bain, P. 1999, ‘‘An assembly line in the head’: work and employee relations in the call centre’, Industrial Relations Journal, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 101-117. This article on Organizational Behaviour: Work in the Call Centres was written and submitted by user Kat Farrell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.